Vad betyder osas apne
Allergic rhinitis , a condition characterized by nasal congestion that is often related to household or environmental allergens, may increase the risk of experiencing OSA. Congestion due to allergies or colds may lead to mouth breathing. Elderly people may experience OSA at still higher rates due to a decline in the function of areas of the brain dedicated to neuromuscular action, loss of muscle tone along the airway, and higher rates of denture use and removal during sleep affecting jaw and tongue positioning.
Contributors may include abnormalities such as:.
Other factors include hormonal changes, obesity, and behaviors like sleeping on the back, drinking alcohol late, or smoking, all of which make normal breathing during sleep more difficult. The tongue can flop backwards and shift into the throat, making it more difficult to maintain an open passageway to allow the normal flow of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
The effect of aging may be because of the increased number of risk factors, such as weight gain, and other variables that also contribute to cardiovascular disease. Excessive mucus production and decreased conscious clearance may cause a buildup that decreases airway diameter and causes breathing troubles. Loss of muscle tone also affects the airway musculature, leading to further collapse. Ideally, the neck would be in a neutral to extended position to optimize airflow through the throat.
Men have a higher risk of developing sleep apnea, possibly related to the effects of testosterone, and women seem to be protected by the effects of progesterone and estrogen early in life. Fat deposits also known as adipose tissue at the base on the tongue and along the pharynx as well as reduced lung capacity can increase the frequency of airway collapse during sleep.
It may be associated with snoring and other symptoms.
Sömnapné dödsfall
REM sleep occurs roughly every 90 minutes to two hours through the night, with most of it is present towards morning in the last one-third of typical sleep. Important causes of and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea include anatomy, such as structures that would narrow the airway like a deviated septum or potential enlargement of the tongue and tonsils, as well as genetic factors or syndromes which further affect airway shape.
This may contribute to longer sleep apnea events and more significant oxygen desaturation, especially in the context of obesity that may exacerbate hypoventilation. Sleep position can negatively affect the ability to keep the airway open during sleep. Middle-aged people begin to experience OSA more often, with men getting an earlier start compared to women.
The risks for sleep apnea in women increase at menopause, with the removal of ovaries, and in polycystic ovarian syndrome. The responsible locations in the nose, mouth, or throat where breathing becomes restricted can vary widely from one case of obstructive sleep apnea to another. In sleep this may allow the lower jaw to shift back and the tongue to partially or fully occlude the airway. Obstructive sleep apnea OSA is a condition that negatively affects sleep and health, caused by physical disruption of normal breathing.
The upper airway can be obstructed during sleep due to a number of causes, many of them interrelated. It is also a common cause of middle-of-the-night and early morning awakenings that contribute to insomnia.
Surgery may exacerbate or contribute to sleep apnea in susceptible individuals. Other anatomical differences that constrict airflow and may cause chronic OSA are heritable characteristics driven by genetics or developmental differences.
Obstructive sleep apnea
The main mechanism of OSA is the periodic collapse of the soft palate and base of the tongue into the upper airway during sleep. Only gestational age—and therefore the level of facial and respiratory development—appears to affect risk of sleep apnea in infancy. The most common modifiable risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea may be obesity.
Sleep apnea events may further provoke release of cortisol hormone as the brain attempts to rouse the individual during recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and elevation of carbon dioxide levels. It is possible that metabolic disorders may also exacerbate breathing difficulties. Children born before 27 weeks of gestation experience sleep apnea at nearly four times the rate of children born at term.
Anatomical traits of the nose, mouth, or throat may affect the normal flow of air. Furthermore, after intubation in a surgical setting, manipulation of the tissue of the throat can lead to swelling upper airway edema and complications. Premature birth is a major risk factor to develop OSA at a younger age. This is the portion of sleep where you dream and also the most restful period of sleep which allows you to feel refreshed and well rested the next day.
In addition to physical restriction, adipose tissue is linked to hormonal changes and upregulation of immune signaling. Anesthesia may include sedatives, muscle relaxants or paralytics, and narcotic pain medications, all of which increase the risks of sleep apnea occurring. This restriction of breathing can cause or exacerbate OSA. Sleep apnea may be a nearly lifelong disorder due to a genetic predisposition, and occurs in some children throughout childhood and into adulthood.
REM includes the relaxation of skeletal muscles to prevent the acting out of dreams. Some temporary cases of OSA may be caused by infection or inflammation of the soft tissues lining the airway, including colds, allergies, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, and tongue swelling.